2. Forces of attraction / chemical bonding, intermolecular forces
3. The mole concept
4. Redox reactions and oxidation states
5. Kinetic theory
6. Energetics (enthalpy, thermochemistry, energy changes in reactions)
1. Rates of reaction (factors affecting rate, rate laws, reaction kinetics)
2. Principles of chemical equilibrium (dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s principle)
3. Acid/base equilibria, pH, pKa/pKb, strength of acids and bases
4. Buffers and pH regulation, buffer calculations
5. Solubility product and solubility equilibria
6. Redox equilibria (redox in equilibrium context)
1. The chemistry of Period 3 elements
2. Group II elements (their chemistry, properties, trends)
3. Group IV elements (chemistry and compounds)
4. Group VII elements (halogens, their properties and reactivity)
5. First-row transition elements
6. Analytical identification of cations and anions
1. Organic chemistry
2. Functional groups and their reactivity (e.g. alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines)
3. Polymerisation and macromolecules, including plastics and natural polymers
4. Acid-base properties of organic compounds
1. Qualitative and quantitative analytical methods (titrations, volumetric and gravimetric analysis)
2. Experimental techniques for separation & purification
3. Use of instrumentation or practical chemistry methods for analysis (as appropriate)
4. Acid-base properties of organic compounds
1. Industrial applications of chemistry
2. Environmental chemistry
3. Ethical and societal aspects of chemistry
4. Acid-base properties of organic compounds